Clinical Reviews For Schema Therapy

Are you ready to feel less stress and anxiety in your life? Let’s work together.

Depression and Anxiety

  1. Carter, J., McIntosh, V., Jordan, J., Porter, R., Frampton, C. & Joyce, P. (2013). Psychotherapy for depression: a randomized clinical trial comparing schema therapy and cognitive behavior therapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(2), 500-505. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.034.

  2. Koruk, S., & Ozabaci, N. (2018). Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on the Treatment of Depressive Disorders: A Meta-Analysis/Sema Terapinin Depresif Bozukluklarin Tedavisindeki Etkililigi: Bir Meta-Analiz. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar/Current Approaches to Psychiatry, 10(4), 460+.

  3. Malogiannis, I., Arntz, A., Spiropoulou, A., Aggeli, A., Karveli, S., Tsartsara, E., Vlavianou, M., Pehlivanidis, A., Papadimitriou, G. & Zervas, I. (2014). Schema Therapy for patients with chronic depression. A single case series study. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 45, 319-329.

  4. Porter, R.J., Bourke, C., Carter, J.D., Douglas, K.M., McIntosh, V.V.W., Jordan, J., Joyce, P.R. and Frampton, C.M.A. (2016). No change in neuropsychological dysfunction or emotional processing during treatment of major depression with cognitive–behaviour therapy or schema therapy. Psychological medicine, 46(02), 393-404.

  5. Renner, F., Arntz, A., Leeuw, I., & Huibers, M. (2013). Treatment for chronic depression using schema therapy. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 20(2), 166-180.

  6. Renner, F., Arntz, A., Peeters, F. P., Lobbestael, J., & Huibers, M. J. (2016). Schema therapy for chronic depression: Results of a multiple single case series. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 51, 66-73.

  7. Seavey, A., & Moore, T. M. (2012). Schema-Focused Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder and Personality Disorder: A Case Study. Clinical Case Studies, 11(6), 457-473.

  8. Cockram, D., Drummond, P. & Lee, C. (2010). Role and treatment of early maladaptive schemas in Vietnam veterans with PTSD. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 17, 165-182.

  9. Gude, T. & Hoffart, H. (2008). Change in interpersonal problems after cognitive agoraphobia and schema focused therapy versus psychodynamic treatment as usual of inpatients with agoraphobia and Cluster C personality disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 49, 195-199.

Eating Disorders

  1. Brown, J., Selth, S., Stretton, A., Simpson, S. (2016). Do dysfunctional coping modes mediate the relationship between perceived parenting style and disordered eating behaviours? Journal of Eating Disorders 4(27):1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s40337-016-0123-1

  2. Edwards, D. J. A. (2017). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of schema modes in a single case of anorexia nervosa: Part 1 – Background, method and Child and Parent modes. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 17 (1), 1-13.  doi: 10.1080/20797222.2017.1326728.  

  3. Edwards, D. J. A. (2017). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of schema modes in a single case of anorexia nervosa: Part 2 – Coping modes, Healthy Adult mode, superordinate themes and implications for research and practice. Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology, 17 (1), 1-12.  doi: 10.1080/20797222.2017.1326730

  4. Hodge, L. & Simpson, S. (2016). Speaking the Unspeakable: Artistic expression in Eating Disorder Research and Schema Therapy. The Arts in Psychotherapy. 50, 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.aip.2016.05.005

  5. Keith, L., Gillanders, D. & Simpson, S. (2009). An exploration of the main sources of shame in an eating disordered population. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 16, 317-327.

  6. McIntosh, V. V., Jordan, J., Carter, J. D., Frampton, C. M., McKenzie, J. M., Latner, J. D., & Joyce, P. R. (2016). Psychotherapy for transdiagnostic binge eating: A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioural therapy, appetite-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy, and schema therapy. Psychiatry research, 240, 412-420.

  7. Simpson, S. (2012). Schema Therapy for Eating Disorders: a case study illustration of the Mode Approach. In van Vreeswijk, M., Broersen, J. & Nadort, M. (Eds.) The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Schema Therapy: Theory, Research and Practice. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. Pp145-171.

  8. Simpson, S., Morrow, E., van Vreeswijk, M. & Reid, C., (2010). Group schema therapy for eating disorders: A pilot study. Frontiers in Psychology in Clinical Settings, 1, 182.

  9. Simpson, S. & Slowey, L. (2011). Video Therapy for Atypical Eating Disorder and Obesity: A Case Study. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 7(1), 38-43. doi:10.2174/1745017901107010038

  10. Talbot, D., Smith, E., Tomkins, A., Brockman, R., Simpson, S. Schema modes in eating disorders compared to a community sample. Journal of Eating Disorders. 3(1), 1. doi:10.1186/s40337-015-0082-y

Journal References – Hypnosis

  1. Anbar, R.D. (2002). Hypnosis in pediatrics: applications at a pediatric pulmonary center. BMC Pediatrics, 2:11.

  2. Barnes, A. & Kohen, D. (2006). Clinical hypnosis as an effective adjunct in the care of pediatric inpatients. J.Pediatrics, October. Volume 149, Issue 4, Pages 563–565.

  3. Butler, L.D., Symons, B,K,, Henderson, S,L., Shortliffe, L.D., Spiegel, D. (2005). Hypnosis reduces distress and duration of an invasive medical procedure for children. Pediatrics, 115(1):e77-85.

  4. Jensen, M. (2009). Hypnosis for chronic pain management: A new hope, Topical Review. PAIN, 146: 235–237.

  5. Jensen, M.P., (2008). The neurophysiology of pain perception and hypnotic analgesia: Implications for clinical practice, Amer J Clin Hypnosis, 51:2, 123-148, DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2008.10401654

  6. Kaiser, P. (2011) Childhood anxiety, worry and fear: Individualizing hypnosis goals and suggestions for self-regulation. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, Special Issue: Pediatric Hypnosis, 54:1,16-31.
  7. Kohen, D.P. (2013). Depression. In Sugarman, LI & Wester, WC (Eds.) Therapeutic Hypnosis with Children and Adolescents (2nd ed.). Carmarthen, Wales: Crown House Publishing.
  8. Kohen, D.P. & Zajac, R. (2007 June). Self-hypnosis training for headaches in children and adolescents”. Journal of Pediatrics, 150:635-9.
  9. Kuttner, L. & Catchpole, R. E. H. (2013). Development matters: Hypnosis with children (pp. 25-44). In L. I. Sugarman & W. C. Wester (Eds.), Therapeutic Hypnosis with Children and Adolescents, 2nd edition. Williston, VT, USA: Crown House.
  10. Melzack, R. (1999). From the Gate to the Neuromatrix. Pain, Suppl. 6, S121-126.
  11. Olness, K., MacDonald, J.T.,& Uden, D.L. (1987). Comparison of self-hypnosis and propranolol in the treatment of juvenile classic migraine. Pediatrics, 79(4):593-7.
  12. Palsson, OS. and van Tilburg, M. (2015). Hypnosis and guided imagery treatment for gastrointestinal disorders: experience with scripted protocols developed at the University of North Carolina. American J of Clinical Hypnosis 58, 5-21
  13. Pendergrast, R. Jr. (2017). Incorporating Hypnosis into Pediatric Clinical Encounters. Children 2017, 4(3), 18; doi:10.3390/children4030018
  14. Raz, A. (2012). Hypnosis as a lens to the development of attention. Consciousness and Cognition, 21: 1595-1698.
  15. Torem, M. (2007). Mind-Body Hypnotic Imagery in the Treatment of Auto-Immune Disorders. AJCH: 50.2: 157-170.
  16. Vlieger, A., Rutten J.M.T.M., Govers A.M.A.P., Frankenhuis, C., and Benninga, M.A. (2012 February) Long-Term Follow-Up of Gut-Directed Hypnotherapy vs. Standard Care in Children with Functional Abdominal Pain or Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Gastroenterology 10.1038/ajg.2011.487
  17. Wark, D. (2015). “Traditional and Alert Hypnotic Phenomena: Development Through Anteriorization.” American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis.
  18. Whorwell, P.J. (2013). Hypnotherapy: First line treatment for children with irritable bowel syndrome? Arch Dis Child 98: 243-244.
  19. Ås A. Hypnotizability as a function of nonhypnotic experiences. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1963;66:142–50.
  20. Reilley RR, Parisher DW, Carona A, Dobrovolsky NW. Modifying hypnotic susceptibility by practice and instruction. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis.
    1980 Jan 1;28(1):39–45.
  21. Chamine I, Atchley R, Oken BS. Hypnosis Intervention Effects on Sleep Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine. 2018;14(2):271–83.
  22. Kazantzis N, Whittington C, Dattilio F. Meta-analysis of homework effects in cognitive and behavioral therapy: A replication and extension. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice.
    2010 Jun;17(2):144–56.
  23. Kazantzis N, Lampropoulos GK. Reflecting on homework in psychotherapy: What can we conclude from research and experience? Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2002;58(5):577–85.
  24. Bunnell BE, Nemeth LS, Lenert LA, Kazantzis N, Deblinger E, Higgins KA, et al. Barriers Associated with the Implementation of Homework in Youth Mental Health Treatment and Potential Mobile Health Solutions. Cogn Ther Res. 2021 Apr 1;45(2):272–86.
  25. Dobson KS. A Commentary on the Science and Practice of Homework in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Cogn Ther Res. 2021 Apr 1;45(2):303–9.
  26. Lang EV, Jackson W, Senn P, Aroni DKK, Finkelman MD, Corino TA, et al. Efficacy of a Self-Hypnotic Relaxation App on Pain and Anxiety in a Randomized Clinical Trial: Results and Considerations on the Design of Active and Control Apps. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2021 Apr 3;69(2):277–95.
  27. O’Reilly GA, Spruijt-Metz D. Current mHealth Technologies for Physical Activity Assessment and Promotion. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013 Oct
    RECOMMENDATIONS FOR CLINICAL HYPNOSIS RESEARCH 38
    1;45(4):501–7.
  28. Schultchen D, Terhorst Y, Holderied T, Stach M, Messner EM, Baumeister H, et al. Stay Present with Your Phone: A Systematic Review and Standardized Rating of Mindfulness Apps in European App Stores. IntJ Behav Med. 2021 Oct 1;28(5):552–60.
  29. Laurence JR, Beaulieu-Prévost D, Chéné T du. Measuring and understanding individual differences in hypnotizability. In: The Oxford handbook of hypnosis: Theory, research, and practice. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press; 2008. p. 225–53.
  30. Holroyd J. The Uncertain Relationship Between Hypnotizability and Smoking Treatment Outcome. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 1991 Apr 1;39(2):93–102.
  31. Montgomery GH, Schnur JB, David D. The Impact of Hypnotic Suggestibility In Clinical Care Settings. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2011 Jul 1;59(3):294–309.
  32. Bowers KS. Do the Stanford scales tap the “classic suggestion effect”? International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 1981 Jan 1;29(1):42–53.
  33. Bowers P, Laurence JR, Hart D. The experience of hypnotic suggestions. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 1988 Oct 1;36(4):336–49.
  34. Ruch JC, Morgan AH, Hilgard ER. Measuring hypnotic responsiveness: A comparison of the barber suggestibility scale and the stanford hypnotic susceptibility scale, form a International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 1974 Oct 1;22(4):365–76.
  35. Hilgard ER. Hypnotic susceptibility. Oxford, England: Harcourt, Brace & World; 1965. (Hypnotic susceptibility).
    73. Perri RL. In medio stat virtus: The importance of studying mediums in hypnosis research.
    American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis. 2021 Oct 15;64(1):4–11.
  36. Jensen MP, Jamieson GA, Lutz A, Mazzoni G, McGeown WJ, Santarcangelo EL, et al. New directions in hypnosis research: strategies for advancing the cognitive and clinical neuroscience of hypnosis. Neuroscience of Consciousness. 2017 Jan 1;2017(1):nix004.
  37. Day MA, Thorn BE, Ehde DM, Burns JW, Barnier A, Mattingley JB, et al. Moderators of Mindfulness Meditation, Cognitive Therapy, and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Test of the Limit, Activate, and Enhance Model. The Journal of Pain. 2020 Jan 1;21(1):161–9.

Specific Practices in Schema Therapy

  1. Arntz, A. (2011). Imagery rescripting for personality disorders. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18, 466–481. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.04.006Pugh, M. (2017) Pull Up a Chair. The Psychologist. 30, 42-47.

  2. Arntz, A. (2016) Imagery Rescripting for Personality Disorders: Healing Early Maladaptive Schemas, in Working with Emotion in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Techniques for Clinical Practice, McKay, D. & Thoma, N. (Eds), Guildford, New York.

  3. Brockman, R. N., & Calvert, F. L. (2016). Imagery Rescripting for PTSD and Personality Disorders: Theory and Application. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 1-8.

  4. Ten Napel-Schut, M, Abma, T., Bamelis, L. & Arntz, A. (2011). Personality disorder patients’ perspectives on the introduction of imagery within schema therapy: a qualitative study of patients’ experiences. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 18, 482–490. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.04.005

  5. Weertman, A. & Arntz, A., (2007). Effectiveness of treatment of childhood memories in cognitive therapy for personality disorders: a controlled study contrasting methods focusing on the present and methods focusing on childhood memories. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45, 2133-2143.